Uncovering Value of Planning in New Venture Creation A Process and Contingency Perspective - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 542 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Gruber article 2007: Uncovering the value of planning in new venture creation: A process and contingency perspective The topic discussed in the article is whether business planning has positive impact on firm performances. The existing view on this topic is dichotomous. One group of scholars think planning is important for successful firm creation, another group disagrees strongly. Findings from strategy research conclude there are two dominant models of strategy formulation. One is a rational paradigm, and the other one is an incremental paradigm. However, the strategy research has been done only for established firms. Findings from entrepreneurship research point out that planning process and its efforts on performance differ between emerging firms and established firms. Emerging firms face high level of uncertainty, and thus planning is more based on assumption to knowledge, while established firms can base their plans on past performance and historical trends. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Uncovering Value of Planning in New Venture Creation: A Process and Contingency Perspective" essay for you Create order Three problems with previous research have been identified by Gruber. First, contingent factors such as environmental uncertainty should be examined when evaluating the planning-performance relationship in start-ups. Second, process attributes such as entrepreneurial information search, time spent on planning, and efforts put into different activities should be studied as well. Third, functional areas should be planned differently depending on the importance to venture success. Marketing planning is the functional area Gruber focused on in the article. Gruber’s research indicates that the use of secondary information, the planning of customer relationship and marketing mix will have positive effect on venture performance without considering the founding environments. When taking the founding environments into consideration, the effect of time spent on marketing planning will be more positive in low dynamism environments than in high dynamism environments. The above results suggest that planning is valuable to emerging firms even in highly dynamic environments, but the key aspects (trade-off regimes) must be identified for planning to achieve superior outcomes. The following table illustrates the application of some selected variables from Gruber’s research to the Ockham case. Variables | Application in Ockham case | Use of primary information sources | The validation of the business idea is either from Jim’s consultancy experience with prior customers or from the feedback of potential customers and potential investors. No secondary data was used. | Planning of the marketing mix | The only P planned was Product. There is no clear information about planning price in the case, but I think the founders have their own estimation. Promotion and place were not planned. They sold thru personal contact, and took places best suited for the situation. | Planning how to establish customer relationships | Customer relationship was established through Jim’s personal contact. | Total time spent on planning and organizing | Less than a year. They could have spent more time on finding a good development team and establishing contact with more potential investors | Founding environment | High-tech, high-velocity environment | Technology areas | Technology area 1, operating in software field | Innovativeness | The offering is new from a market perspective | VC prior to market entry | No VC financing prior to the market entry | Organizational mode | Jim wanted to make strategic decision excluding Mike | The information showed in the above table indicates that Ockham needed more business planning. Finding a good development team and establishing contacts with more potential investors were the trade-off regimes at the planning phase.

War In Iraq Essay - 1522 Words

In 1946 the Nuremberg tribunal described one country initiating a war of aggression against another country as,â€Å"not only an international crime; it is the supreme international crime, differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole (The economist). (1)The Bush administration committed this supreme crime on March 19th, 2003, when the US led an international coalition and invaded sovereign country of Iraq. An invasion based on questionable intelligence and sold to the public as a national security issue. The financial cost to the US population has been enormous,â€Å"The U.S. war in Iraq has cost $1.7 trillion with an additional $490 billion in benefits owed to war veterans,† (Reuters).(2)†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"According to a 2008 joint study by the Center for Public Integrity and the Fund for Independence in Journalism, the Bush administration made 935 false statements about Iraq in just the two years that followed the 9/11 terrorist attacks† (935)(5). A great example this deception comes from a speech given by President Bush himself, in October 2002. During the speech Bush claimed Iraq â€Å"possesses and produces chemical and biological weapons. It is seeking nuclear weapons. It has given shelter and support to terrorism and practices terror against its own people† (935). (5)However, the President knew there were no WMD’s in Iraq because â€Å"On Sept. 18, 2002, CIA director George Tenet briefed President Bush in the Oval Office on top-secret intelligence that Saddam Hussein did not have weapons of mass destruction† (Blumenthal).(6) That information came from Naji Sabri, Iraqs foreign minister, who â€Å"had made a deal to reveal Iraqs military secrets to the CIA† according to Tyler Drumheller, a former high ranking CIA officer, â€Å"He [Naji Sabri]told us that they had no active weapons of mass destruction program† (Cbsnews). (5)Presi dent Bush made the choice to disregard this information, as it did not fit the narrative he wanted to show the public. According to former Bush administration Treasury Secretary Paul O’Neill, claimed Bush was looking to invade Iraq from the beginningShow MoreRelated War in Iraq Essay801 Words   |  4 Pages War in Iraq nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Picture this, you, in a 3rd world country, no friends no family for thousands of miles, hungry, not feeling so well, tired, exhausted and being forced to fight thousands of people who want you out of there country? Fun? I wouldn’t think so†¦ This is a reality for thousands of American Soldiers stationed in Iraq and maybe your reality if the draft is reinstated. Now, picture this. You’re watching the news, they are calling out birthdays, oh they choose yoursRead MoreEssay about War in Iraq713 Words   |  3 Pages The war in Iraq brings up a lot of questions, about the future decisions of President of the United States of America, Mr. George W. Bush. After the terrorist attack on the United States, which shook the whole world, US went to war with Iraq. I believe that this is a war on terrorism, and not an â€Å"Oil War†, how other like to refer to it. United States want to liberate people in Iraq and bring up the standards of living in that very rich, but at the same time poor country. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BeforeRead MoreWar in Iraq Essay1159 Words   |  5 Pagesforeign troops from the Middle East. To begin, the major cause for resistance of the Islamic countries is the foreign occupation of countries like Iraq. This occupation occurred due to terrorists flying planes that had been high jacked into the Twin Towers and the World Trait Center. The occupation then began when former President Bush declared a war on terrorism and sent troops over to the Middle East. The choice to send troops to the Middle East sent the United States of a journey that has seenRead More War with Iraq Essay1944 Words   |  8 Pages The war with Iraq began about fifteen years ago. 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The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia insurgency amongRead More The War in Iraq Essay766 Words   |  4 Pages The War in Iraq nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The war in Iraq is a controversy clouded with misinformation and confusion. To get a proper view of the war we need to step back and examine both sides, pro-war and anti-war, of the facts leading to the war, execution of the war, and the effects of the war. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;President Bush’s premise for going to war was to prevent potential weapons of mass destruction, specifically nuclear weapons, and not only to destroy current weaponsRead More The War in Iraq Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pages In April of 1920, Allied Nations coming out of World War I met at the San Remo Peace Conference. 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Although we can not ignore the cloud around this administration when it comes to potential incentives that going to war presented, (such as oil for profits and retaliation to Saddam Hussein for the Gulf War and treatment of President Bush Sr.), I will look beyond these potential motives to explain why the U.S. involvement in the Iraq War was unjust simply because it doesnt fall i nto any of the four functions of force authored

Preliminary Research Design Free Essays

Individual Research Project-Part 1 Godfrey Boyd American Intercontinental University Abstract There are theoretical and philosophical differences between â€Å"formal research† and â€Å"business proposals†. The advantages and disadvantages related to both can be a benefit depending upon the problem studied. Research is not fully understood in business. We will write a custom essay sample on Preliminary Research Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will attempt to highlight reasons for limited utilization of research in business. Small businesses are less likely to conduct marketing research. Amy E. Knaup, an economist with the Office of Employment statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics reported in 2005, 44% of all new business failed in the first 2 years. Individual Research Project-Preliminary Research Design In business, formal research and business proposals have significant differences and some similarities. It is very important to understand the purposes and goals of each. What are some commonalities? Research and business proposals have similar components. Backround information must be identified for both formal research and the business proposal. (American Journal of Small Business, Vol. IX, No. 4, Spring 1985. ) When someone conducts formal research or a business proposal, they have similar goals. Research and business proposals are conducted to find solutions, or solve problems. What are some differences? A formal research proposal differs significantly. Both proposals may appear similar. The purpose of formal research is mainly to find data to solve problems or help businesses make improved decisions on daily operations, or use of the best product. Apple’s iPod was a huge financial success in the early to middle 2000s. In 2008, iPod sales dropped significantly. (Business Week). Apple introduced and upgraded the iPod after a significant market study indicated that the economy and practicality of use were indicators of decreased iPod sales. The business proposal will focus more on the product and make it more successful. The attitude toward market research from small businesses is also a possible reason for businesses failing in less than two years. (Barnes Journal of Small Busienss Management). The formal research problem can focus on problems that sociological, and present clear concepts. Theory is also a hallmark of formal research. The problem studied and evaluated can be compared to previous research. Business proposals are more time sensitive. One of the goals of the business proposal is to research and find a solution to why a product is not doing well in a particular market. Time is of essence in business in order for the business to be successful. The formal research may not have a time constraint but the goal is to find a solution or solve a problem. What are some capabilities of one in contrast with the capabilities of the other? Formal research has the capability to pinpoint data through correct analysis. Hypotheses are validated through appropriate statistical analysis. Business proposals often suggest new products or services with the goal being to make money for the business. The formal research study has the capability to approach the issue theoretically and suggest a practical solution in just what to do to make money. A formal research study will provide valuable conclusions and insight. Formal research highlights complexities, context and emphasizes research. Rigor is the result of carefully collected data and strong accurate investigations. Formal research has to have testability. This means that data was collected correctly and sample sizes were adequate. A capability of a business proposal is the proposal can be done in relatively shorter time period. The business proposal will focus on a product or a business related problem that needs a solution in order to make money. Method Participant (subject) characteristics Sampling procedures Sample size, power, and precision Measures and covariates Research design Experimental manipulations or interventions Results Recruitment Statistics and data analysis Ancillary analyses Participant flow Intervention or manipulation fidelity Baseline data Adverse events Discussion References How to cite Preliminary Research Design, Essays